African-American History Timeline 1930 to 1939

Despite enduring the Great Depression and Jim Crow laws, throughout the decade of 1930, African-Americans continued to make great strides in the areas of sports, education, visual artistry and music. 1930 One of the first art galleries to feature African-American art is opened at Howard University. Founded by James V. Herring, the Howard University Gallery of Art is the first of its kind in the United States to have its artistic vision directed by African-Americans.The Black Muslim Movement is established in Detroit by Wallace Fard Muhammad. Within four years, Elijah Muhammad takes control of the religious movement, moving its headquarters to Chicago. 1931 The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) hires Walter White as its executive secretary. With White in this role, the organization develops new strategies for ending racial discrimination.In March, nine African-American young men are accused of raping two white women. Their case begins on April 6 and they are quickly convicted of the crimes. However, the case of the Scottsboro Boys soon receives national attention and will help pave the way for the civil rights movement.Symphony composer William Grant Still becomes the first African-American to have his music performed by a major orchestra. 1932 A 40-year study begins in Tuskegee, Ala. testing the impact of syphilis on 400 African-American men. The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment is established through the U.S. Public Health Service. The men are never told they have the disease nor are they offered any treatment.Thomas Dorsey, known as the father of African-American gospel music. Dorsey writes Take My Hand, Precious Lord.Leon H. Washington publishes Sentinel in Los Angeles.Sculptor Augusta Savage opens the Savage Studio of Arts and Crafts. Based out of New York City, it is considered the largest art center in the United States. 1933 James Weldon Johnson publishes his autobiography, Along This Way. Johnsons autobiography is the first person narrative by an African-American to be reviewed by the New York Times. Historian Carter G. Woodson publishes Mis-education of the Negro. 1934 W.E.B. Du Bois resigns from the NAACP.Zora Neale Hurston publishes her first novel, Jonahs Gourd Vine. 1935 The Southern Tenant Farmers Union is established by the Socialist Party to assist southern sharecroppers to fight for better wages and working conditions.Pianist Count Basie establishes Count Basie and His Orchestra, which will become one of the biggest bands of the Swing Era.The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the Norris v. Alabama case that a defendant must have the right to a trial by jury by his/her peers. This ruling overturns the Scottsboro Boys early conviction.Mary McLeod Bethune establishes the National Council of Negro Women--calling more than 20 leaders of national womens organizations together. 1936 Bethune is appointed Director of the Division of Negro Affairs for the National Youth Administration. Bethune is the first African-American woman to receive a presidential appointment and is the highest-ranking African-American official in Theodore Roosevelts administration.Jesse Owens wins four gold medals at the Berlin Olympics. His achievement defies Adolf Hitlers plan to use the Olympics to show the world Aryan Supremacy.The first medical textbook to be written by an African-American is entitled Syphilis and Its Treatment. The author is Dr. William Augustus Hinton.The first African-American federal judge is appointed by Roosevelt. William H. Hastie is appointed to the federal bench in the U.S. Virgin Islands. 1937 The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Maids signs a collective bargaining agreement with the Pullman Company.Joe Louis wins the heavyweight championship against James J. Braddock.The Negro Dance Group is founded by Katherine Dunham.Zora Neale Hurston publishes the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. 1938 The work of Jacob Lawrence debuts in an exhibition at the Harlem YMCA.Crystal Bird Fauset becomes the first African-American woman elected to a state legislature. She is chosen to serve in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. 1939 Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial in front of 75,000 people on Easter Sunday.The Black Actors Guild is founded by Bill Bojangles Robinson.Jane M. Bolin is appointed to the domestic relations court of New York City. This appointment makes her the first African-American woman judge in the United States.

Songs Draw Strength, Courage, and Wisdom from Poems

There are many times when song lyrics draw inspiration from poems. In many situations song writers get ideas for music through poems seeing as most are written on life experiences or events. It is evident that the poem, â€Å"The Ballad of Birmingham† written by Dudley Randall and the song â€Å"Strength, Courage, and Wisdom† written by India Arie have numerous similarities. These two works are about people who exemplify strength, courage, and wisdom. Even though both of these works were created in different time periods, they still convey the same meaning. The characteristic of strength is found during the course of these two works of poetry. In stanza one of â€Å"The Ballad of Birmingham†,† Mother dear, may I go downtown Instead of out to play, And march the streets of Birmingham In a Freedom March today ( 1-4 Randall)?† An African American child is pleading to her mother to allow her to march for the rights of all African American citizens. This statement alone, coming from a young child, is a powerful statement of inner strength. We also see the similar statement within the first stanza of a song by India Aria which states, â€Å"It’s time to step out on faith, I’ve gotta show my face It’s been elusive for so long, but freedom is mine today (A-Z Lyrics).† Even without entirely saying it, the lyrics of the song and the words of the poem both refer to having enough strength to stand up for their freedom. In the overview of each poem they also point out the characteristic of courage.Show MoreRelatedLord Of The Rings Language Analysis1292 Words   |  6 Pagesof language through poems. When he is first introduced, he is singing and shortly after, he saves two of the hobbits; Merry and Pippin, from Old Man Willow, a tree that is alive and traps people. When Tom saves the hobbits he simply sings into a crack of the trees roots, â€Å"Tom put his mouth to the crack and begins singing into it in a low voice †¦ He then seized Merry’s feet and drew him out of the suddenly widening crack (135-136). This shows how much power Toms’ poems and songs have. Toms power ofRead MoreWalt Whitman s Life And Accomplishments1731 Words   |  7 Pagespoetry that later on astonished Ralph Waldo Emerson. Whitman took out a copyright on the first edition of leaves of grass in 1855 which had twelve untitled poems and a preface. He published the voice of leaves of grass himself and send a copy to Emerson in July 1855. Later he released a second edition of the book containing poems, a letter from Emerson parsing the first edition and a long open letter by Whitman in response. Whitman continued to refine the volume and publishing several editions ofRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pages WISDOM, HUMOR, AND FAITH: A HISTORICAL VIEW Walter G. Moss Table of Contents (with links) Walter G. Moss 1 Table of Contents (with links) 1 Wisdom, Perspective, and Values 2 Humor’s Contribution to Wisdom 4 Humor and Wisdom in Europe: Some Highlights 5 Renaissance Humor: Erasmus, Rabelais, Cervantes, Shakespeare 5 Two European Russians: Anton Chekhov and Vladimir Soloviev 9 Reflections on Humor from Nietzsche to the Theatre of the Absurd 12 Humor and Wisdom in the United States: Lincoln, BeecherRead MoreEssay on The Odyssey21353 Words   |  86 Pageslong-awaited return from the Trojan War to his homeland, Ithaca, after ten years of wandering. The current action of The Odyssey occupies the last six weeks of the ten years, and the narrative includes many places - Olympus, Ithaca, Pylos, Pherae, Sparta, Ogygia, and Scheria. In Books 9-12, Odysseus narrates the story of his travels in the years after the fall of Troy, and this narrative includes other far-flung places, such as the island of the Cyclops. The main action of the poem takes placeRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesverses together, to make lines more memorable, and for humorous effect. †¢ Already American vessels had been searched, seized, and sunk. -John F. Kennedy †¢ I should like to hear him fly with the high fields/ And wake to the farm forever fled from the childless land. -Dylan Thomas, â€Å"Fern Hill† 3. allusion: A casual reference in literature to a person, place, event, or another passage of literature, often without explicit identification. Allusions can originate in mythology, biblical referencesRead Moretheme of alienation n no where man by kamala markandeya23279 Words   |  94 PagesAntigone and Haemon. The Second Messenger Comes to inform Creon about the death of Eurydice. The leader of the Chorus Occasionally speaks a few lines addressed mainly to the audience. He is given the final lines of the play, in which he draws a moral from the sequence of tragic events the audience has just witnessed. CONFLICT Protagonist Antigone is the resolute and strong-willed daughter of King Oedipus. She is determined to give her brother, Polynices, a decent burial. She consciouslyRead MoreFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 Pagessearching for the source of magnetism in the northern polar regions. There he finds and rescues Dr. Victor Frankenstein from certain death in the icy ocean. While he is recovering, Frankenstein tells Walton the story of his life. Set within Frankenstein’s narrative and Walton’s letters is the first-person story told by the creature Frankenstein created. Frankenstein, a young man from a happy family in Geneva, Switzerland, becomes obsessed with the idea of bestowing life on inanimate matter. 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Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval

Deception Point Page 53 Free Essays

THUD. THUD. THUD. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 53 or any similar topic only for you Order Now THUD†¦ THUD†¦ THUD†¦ THUD. THUD. THUD. â€Å"There’s†¦ no time†¦ † Tolland said. It’s not†¦ about us, she thought. It’s about the information in my pocket. Rachel pictured the incriminating GPR printout inside the Velcro pocket of her Mark IX suit. I need to get the GPR printout into the hands of the NRO†¦ and soon. Even in her delirious state, Rachel was certain her message would be received. In the mid-eighties, the NRO had replaced the SAA with an array thirty times as powerful. Total global coverage: Classic Wizard, the NRO’s $12 million ear to the ocean floor. In the next few hours the Cray supercomputers at the NRO/NSA listening post in Menwith Hill, England, would flag an anomalous sequence in one of the Arctic’s hydrophones, decipher the pounding as an SOS, triangulate the coordinates, and dispatch a rescue plane from Thule Air Force Base in Greenland. The plane would find three bodies on an iceberg. Frozen. Dead. One would be an NRO employee†¦ and she would be carrying a strange piece of thermal paper in her pocket. A GPR printout. Norah Mangor’s final legacy. When the rescuers studied the printout, the mysterious insertion tunnel beneath the meteorite would be revealed. From there, Rachel had no idea what would happen, but at least the secret would not die with them here on the ice. 60 Every president’s transition into the White House involves a private tour of three heavily guarded warehouses containing priceless collections of past White House furniture: desks, silverware, bureaus, beds, and other items used by past presidents as far back as George Washington. During the tour, the transitioning president is invited to select any heirlooms he likes and use them as furnishings inside the White House during his term. Only the bed in the Lincoln Bedroom is a permanent White House fixture. Ironically, Lincoln never slept in it. The desk at which Zach Herney was currently sitting inside the Oval Office had once belonged to his idol, Harry Truman. The desk, though small by modern standards, served as a daily reminder to Zach Herney that the â€Å"buck† did indeed stop here, and that Herney was ultimately responsible for any shortcomings of his administration. Herney accepted the responsibility as an honor and did his best to instill in his staff the motivations to do whatever it took to get the job done. â€Å"Mr. President?† his secretary called out, peering into the office. â€Å"Your call just went through.† Herney waved. â€Å"Thank you.† He reached for his phone. He would have preferred some privacy for this call, but he sure as hell was not going to get any of that right now. Two makeup specialists hovered like gnats, poking and primping at his face and hair. Directly in front of his desk, a television crew was setting up, and an endless swarm of advisers and PR people scurried around the office, excitedly discussing strategy. T minus one hour†¦ Herney pressed the illuminated button on his private phone. â€Å"Lawrence? You there?† â€Å"I’m here.† The NASA administrator’s voice sounded consumed, distant. â€Å"Everything okay up there?† â€Å"Storm’s still moving in, but my people tell me the satellite link will not be affected. We’re good to go. One hour and counting.† â€Å"Excellent. Spirits high, I hope.† â€Å"Very high. My staff’s excited. In fact, we just shared some beers.† Herney laughed. â€Å"Glad to hear it. Look, I wanted to call and thank you before we do this thing. Tonight’s going to be one hell of a night.† The administrator paused, sounding uncharacteristically uncertain. â€Å"That it will, sir. We’ve been waiting a long time for this.† Herney hesitated. â€Å"You sound exhausted.† â€Å"I need some sunlight and a real bed.† â€Å"One more hour. Smile for the cameras, enjoy the moment, and then we’ll get a plane up there to bring you back to D.C.† â€Å"Looking forward to it.† The man fell silent again. As a skilled negotiator, Herney was trained to listen, to hear what was being said between the lines. Something in the administrator’s voice sounded off somehow. â€Å"You sure everything’s okay up there?† â€Å"Absolutely. All systems go.† The administrator seemed eager to change the subject. â€Å"Did you see the final cut of Michael Tolland’s documentary?† â€Å"Just watched it,† Herney said. â€Å"He did a fantastic job.† â€Å"Yes. You made a good call bringing him in.† â€Å"Still mad at me for involving civilians?† â€Å"Hell, yes.† The administrator growled good-naturedly, his voice with the usual strength to it. It made Herney feel better. Ekstrom’s fine, Herney thought. Just a little tired. â€Å"Okay, I’ll see you in an hour via satellite. We’ll give ’em something to talk about.† â€Å"Right.† â€Å"Hey, Lawrence?† Herney’s voice grew low and solemn now. â€Å"You’ve done a hell of a thing up there. I won’t ever forget it.† Outside the habisphere, buffeted by wind, Delta-Three struggled to right and repack Norah Mangor’s toppled equipment sled. Once all the equipment was back onboard, he battened down the vinyl top and draped Mangor’s dead body across the top, tying her down. As he was preparing to drag the sled off course, his two partners came skimming up the glacier toward him. â€Å"Change of plans,† Delta-One called out above the wind. â€Å"The other three went over the edge.† Delta-Three was not surprised. He also knew what it meant. The Delta Force’s plan to stage an accident by arranging four dead bodies on the ice shelf was no longer a viable option. Leaving a lone body would pose more questions than answers. â€Å"Sweep?† he asked. Delta-One nodded. â€Å"I’ll recover the flares and you two get rid of the sled.† While Delta-One carefully retraced the scientists’ path, collecting every last clue that anyone had been there at all, Delta-Three and his partner moved down the glacier with the laden equipment sled. After struggling over the berms, they finally reached the precipice at the end of the Milne Ice Shelf. They gave a push, and Norah Mangor and her sled slipped silently over the edge, plummeting into the Arctic Ocean. Clean sweep, Delta-Three thought. As they headed back to base, he was pleased to see the wind obliterating the tracks made by their skis. 61 The nuclear submarine Charlotte had been stationed in the Arctic Ocean for five days now. Its presence here was highly classified. A Los Angeles-class sub, the Charlotte was designed to â€Å"listen and not be heard.† Its forty-two tons of turbine engines were suspended on springs to dampen any vibration they might cause. Despite its requirement for stealth, the LA-class sub had one of the largest footprints of any reconnaissance sub in the water. Stretching more than 360 feet from nose to stern, the hull, if placed on an NFL football field, would crush both goalposts and then some. Seven times the length of the U.S. Navy’s first Holland-class submarine, the Charlotte displaced 6,927 tons of water when fully submerged and could cruise at an astounding thirty-five knots. The vessel’s normal cruising depth was just below the thermocline, a natural temperature gradient that distorted sonar reflections from above and made the sub invisible to surface radar. With a crew of 148 and max dive depth of over fifteen hundred feet, the vessel represented the state-of-the-art submersible and was the oceanic workhorse of the United States Navy. Its evaporative electrolysis oxygenation system, two nuclear reactors, and engineered provisions gave it the ability to circumnavigate the globe twenty-one times without surfacing. Human waste from the crew, as on most cruise ships, was compressed into sixty-pound blocks and ejected into the ocean-the huge bricks of feces jokingly referred to as â€Å"whale turds.† How to cite Deception Point Page 53, Essay examples