Getting Rid Of The Mandatory Essay - 1750 Words

Getting Rid of the Mandatory There are several different ways a judge can hand down a punish for a crime that a person commits. A first-time drug offender would be required to either enter a rehab program or serve a prison term. One of the most disproportionate way is to sentence a first-time offender is by immediately handing down a lengthy but mandatory 10-year prison term for just having a few ounces of any type of drug. Mandatory minimum sentencing is defined as that if an offender is convicted of the crime that they must be imprisoned for a minimum duration, as against to leaving the length of punishment up to the judges, (www.uslegal.com, 1). Susan Grigsby is a writer for the DailyKOS web-blog in her article titled, â€Å"Why Dropping Federal Mandatory Minimum Sentences Will Not Solve All of Our Prison Problems†, getting rid of the mandatory will not solve over-crowding. Daniel Horowitz is a writer for the Conservative Review media group who interviewed Jeffery Sedgwick in his article titled,  "Busted: The 10 Most Dangerous Myths about Criminal Justice Reform†, this source is debunking myths about the cost. Michelle Ye Hee Lee is a writer for The Washington Post News Paper wrote a piece titled, â€Å"Yes, U.S. Locks People Up at a Higher Rate than Any Other Country†, she covers the high incarceration rate in the US even though crime is low. Michael Gonchar is a writer for the New York Times he wrote an article titled â€Å"What Should Be the Purpose of Prison?†, He covers what prisonsShow MoreRelatedDrug Testing : A Controversial Issue Right Now1439 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduced bills and proposed legislation to have drug testing be mandatory. So far, Arizona, Kansas, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Utah are the only states to have active legislation. Although some people may feel that mandatory drug testing of welfare recipients will save money, mandatory drug testing is unconstitutional and costs more money than what was originally being spent on the program in the first place. Mandatory drug testing welfare recipients is unconstitutional. TheRead MoreThe Apocalypse Now : The Lost War On Drugs865 Words   |  4 Pagestheory of supply reduction with emptying out the Mississippi River with a spoon, stating that â€Å"the river is always going to win† (Apocalypse Now, 177). This quote shows how he can get rid of an entire problem with just a small solution that is only targeting one of the minor problems.I think instead of the minimum mandatory prison time that judges and juries should look at cases based on the individual person and the individual crime rather than generalizing people and cases into one category. I thinkRead MoreBenefits Of Vaccination1438 Words   |  6 PagesI did not have my child immunized? (Shelov) Well, without getting these immunizations the possibility of ones child getting the whooping cough, polio, or other diseases would increase greatly. Getting vaccinations is the most effective way to protect us from current and future diseases as well as to prevent the spread of infections. Although we do live in the land of the free, for the safety of our population vaccines should mandatory because they save parents time and money, they help protectRead MoreMandatory Vaccinations1223 Words   |  5 Pages Mandatory vaccinations in public school in my opinion play a major role in children’s lives. They are safe and effective, they protect others we care about, and will protect our future generations. Throughout the years there have been thousands and thousands of children’s lives lost due to outbreaks of diseases such as polio and the measles causing many deaths among young children. Vaccinations that have become effective over the years, limiting these diseases if not getting rid of them periodRead MoreMandatory Voting in America 1224 Words   |  5 Pages Mandatory voting in America should be implied in the political system. Countries such as Australia and Belgium have already enforced this law on its people, and have had great results in the increasing turnout of voters going to polls. In excess of seventy years in Australia, voters have been obliged to appear to survey Election Day. Disappointment to show up causes a fine of up to fifteen dollars. Australian races s ince mandatory voting was implemented the turnout has reached an amount of ninetyRead MoreAbolishing Mandatory Minimum Sentencing On The United States1690 Words   |  7 PagesAbolishing Mandatory Minimum Sentencing in the United States EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The concept of mandatory minimum sentencing has been plaguing the justice system of the United States of America for too many years and therefore must be abolished. If mandatory minimum sentencing were to be done away with, then the criminal justice system could finally start to bring desperately needed change to itself and start to get back to where it needs to be; a system that takes people with a problem andRead MoreEssay about Negative Consequences of Mandatory Sentencing747 Words   |  3 PagesNegative Consequences of Mandatory Sentencing In recent years several mandatory sentencing laws have been put into motion. The original goals of the mandatory sentencing laws were to stop repeat offenders and to exhibit a get tough attitude on crime. These laws have not been working as intended, instead mandatory sentencing has led to some unfortunate consequences. Some of these consequences are overcrowding in prisons and less prison based rehabilitation. Mandatory sentencing laws do not narrowlyRead MoreNonviolent Drug Offenders During The United States885 Words   |  4 Pagesit’s no wonder why two-thirds of prisoners reoffend within three years of leaving prison. When you rid a citizen of their basic, fundamentals rights, they lose respect for the law, and when they lose respect for the law, they are more likely to break it. The current prison system is costly and creates a never-ending cycle that could be largely ended by getting rid of or simply lowering minimum mandatory sentences. Regardless of the many negative outcomes that result from minimum nonviolent drug sentencesRead MoreFreakonomics : Ten Ideas For Make Politics Less Rotten1168 Words   |  5 Pagespeople they will behave better. The votes would be combine in a way that the best person for the job will get the most votes from everyone. I would be interested to see this system put into practice. Rob Richie of the FairVote group, suggests getting rid of winner-take-all elections. When you get 51% of the vote, you represent 100% of the people. If a candidate is obviously going to win a majority of the vote not only do they represent all the people but people don’t engage in the voting processRead MoreSentencing Of The Criminal Justice System Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesSentencing Guidelines (Champion 111). These guidelines may seem like a straightforward set of rules, but they are practically the complete opposite. They are extremely controversial as well as all the other sentencing laws like the three-strikes law, and mandatory minimums. All of these sentencing structures were supposed to help the criminal justice system, but there has been a lot of controversy about how it actually affects people and to society as a whole. Since the creation of sentencing the whole point

Chapter Twelve Of The Marriage And Family Textbook By...

Chapter fourteen of the Marriage and family textbook by David Knox, covers divorce and remarriage in today’s society. It discusses how the attitudes towards divorce have changed dramatically from how it was viewed by our parents and grandparents. Not only have society’s views changed on divorce but also on the functioning roles of the family and its structure. The author also goes into how the child custody issues have changed and what things affect children who have divorcing parents. He then goes into remarriage for divorced couples and the effect it can have on the children. One of the big factors in the changing divorce rate has to be credited to the women leaving the housewife role behind and joining or rejoining (after small children are in school) the work force. In my grandmother’s era many women felt trapped in their situation because they were dependent on their husband’s income to support them and their children. Not as many women had college degree and so even if they went back to work their earning potential was very limited. According to Knox, a womans husband â€Å"Literally represented her lifeline. Finding Gainful employment outside the home made it possible for a wife to leave her husband if she wanted to. Now that about three fourths of wives are employed, fewer wives are economically trapped in unhappy marriage.† (2014, p 253) The other big factor was society and various religious groups were not very tolerant of divorcees in my grandmother’s time. If you

People vs. Larry Flynt Free Essays

After watching the film the people vs. Larry Flynt, it is clear that the major message is that all Americans have rights under the constitution. Although in some cases many Americans may not always agree with each other, it is their right and freedom to do so under the Bill of Rights. We will write a custom essay sample on People vs. Larry Flynt or any similar topic only for you Order Now In particular the first amendment is a major focus of the film.Throughout the entire movie the Larry Flynt character (Woody Harrelson) defends the fact that he is an American, therefore like all other Americans he is protected by the bill of rights and is entitled, specifically, to freedom of speech and freedom of the press. The film is a good portrayal of how our society and government perceive things as right or wrong. One of the most notable parts of the film is where the Flynt character argues with activists saying, â€Å"Murder is illegal but if you take a picture of it you may get your name in a magazine or maybe win a Pullitzer Prize.He continues his argument by saying â€Å"sex is legal, but if you take a picture of that act, you can go to jail. † The point the film makes relates directly to the text in chapter two under â€Å"institutional adaptation† which states that in order for the constitution to remain viable , it must be able to adapt to changing times and deal with matters the authors could hardly have anticipated (p. 33). The film points out many weaknesses and flaws in the way courts are operated in America.There is one part in the movie where Flynt’s lawyer Alan Isaacman (portrayed by Edward Norton) tries to present what he feels as evidence to the jury, the judge refuses to let him show the evidence (other pornographic magazines. ) Although it is completely legal for a judge to refuse evidence, it shows that a man who is entitled power can still be very biased towards their own ideas and beliefs. The film is a very accurate portrayal of the true events since the film is based in part on the U. S. Supreme Court case Hustler Magazine v.Falwell. The United States Supreme Court held, in a unanimous 8-0 decision Justice Kennedy took no part in the consideration or decision of the case, that the First Amendment’s free-speech guarantee prohibits awarding damages to public figures to compensate for emotional distress intentionally inflicted upon them. Thus, Hustler magazine’s parody of Jerry Falwell was deemed to be within the law, because the Court found that reasonable people would not have interpreted the parody to contain factual claims, leading to a reversal f the jury verdict in favor of Falwell, who had previously been awarded $200,000 in damages by a lower court. The First Amendment is the recognition of the fundamental importance of the free flow of ideas and opinions on matters of public interest and concern. The freedom to speak one’s mind is not only an aspect of individual liberty but also is essential to the common quest for truth and the vitality of society as a whole. The First Amendment envisions that the political debate that takes place in a democracy will occasionally yield speech critical of public figures. The Court held that the First Amendment gives speakers immunity from sanction with respect to their speech concerning public figures unless their speech is both false and made with the knowledge of its falsehood or with reckless disregard for the truth of the statement. Although false statements lack inherent value, the breathing space that freedom of expression requires in order to flourish must tolerate occasional false statements, lest there be an intolerable effect on speech that does have constitutional value.Falwell argued that the Hustler parody advertisement in this case was so â€Å"outrageous† as to take it outside the scope of First Amendment protection. But â€Å"outrageous† is an inherently subjective term, susceptible to the personal taste of the jury empanelled to decide a case. Such a standard â€Å"runs afoul of our longstanding refusal to allow damages to be awarded because the speech in question may have an adverse emotional impact on the audienceâ⠂¬ . So long as the speech at issue is not â€Å"obscene† and not subject to First Amendment protection, it should be subject to the actual-malice standard when it concerns public figures.Clearly, Falwell was a public figure for purposes of First Amendment law. Because the district court found in favor of Flynt on the libel charge, there was no dispute as to whether the parody could be understood as describing actual facts about Falwell or events in which he participated. Accordingly, because the parody did not make false statements that were implied to be true, it could not be the subject of damages under the New York Times actual-malice standard. The Court thus reversed the judgment of the Fourth Circuit. How to cite People vs. Larry Flynt, Essays

Drummer Hodge Essay Example For Students

Drummer Hodge Essay Compare the poems Drummer Hodge and A wife in London by Thomas Hardy. You must comment on both subject matter and style. Drummer Hodge is an elegy for a Wessex drummer-boy who was killed during the Boer War. Thomas Hardy was already a famous novelist and poet, and was so touched by this story in his local Dorset newspaper that he decided to write the poem. Similarly, A Wife in London is also about the human cost of war, but unlike Drummer Hodge who is a soldier who dies abroad, A Wife in London is told from the perspective of the civilians who were left behind. Drummer Hodge gets its title from the common nickname for a West country labourer. However, Hardy was disapproving of the stereotype and believed that labourers were as unique and individual as any other people, and he used the word Hodge to name the drummer boy as a deliberate way of bringing respect to it. He achieves this by the end of the poem by making up for the absent burial service and some kind of ceremony with the tone of the last verse. From the harsh, callous tone of the first, and the absurdness that the second verse conveys, the third verse seems to restore some dignity with an almost prayer-like tone: And strange-eyed constellations reign His stars eternally. (17-18) Its the word eternally that reminds us the most of a prayer or a hymn and you can almost hear the word Amen after it. We can tell how passionately Hardy disapproves of the Boer War too when in his very opening lines he describes the young drummer-boy being thrown into his grave without any burial ceremony: Uncoffined just as found (2) The harshness and total lack of dignity that these lines conjure up seems to be Hardys comment on what war reduces us to rather than death itself. The whole poem is his way of criticising how casually the lives of ordinary people were used up as cannon fodder by war. In the end, but only because Hardy has written about it in a poem, what starts out seeming like the worst possible ending to a life gets converted into something lasting. Drummer Hodge doesnt have a proper grave but he has a kopje-crest which is the crest of an outcrop of rock in the middle of the open veldt. Hardy makes this sound like a natural headstone marking the drummer-boys grave. At first his use of Boer words to describe the scene in verse two make it seem even more wrong that this young Wessex boy, who would never have been abroad before, is buried in a place he wouldnt even have understood. But by the end a portion of that unknown plain Will Hodge for ever be which Hardy has a way of making us feel is just as dignified and lasting as any monument in a graveyard. In this way, the structure of the poem in three sections is ideal because it is like the beginning, middle and end of a story which I think people would have been able to relate to easily. A poem like Drummer Hodge would probably have made it more bearable for all the people who wanted to bury their soldiers properly but couldnt, and had to live with the thought of them lying in the ground somewhere abroad. A Wife in London is a war poem about the other casualties the ones that stay behind at home. Its about a woman who gets the worst possible news that her husband has died in action, which is bad enough. But Hardy has structured the poem in two halves so that he can extend the story to the next day. .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8 , .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8 .postImageUrl , .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8 , .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8:hover , .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8:visited , .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8:active { border:0!important; } .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8:active , .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8 .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7536de0ad310ca2cc6eebd237a67eaa8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Unseen Poetry Argumentative EssayJust as were wondering why because it seems the main point of the poem has already been made, Hardy uses a cruel twist of fate where she gets a letter from her husband after she knows he is already dead which is like a double blow. Its particularly cruel because its Page-full of his hoped return (17) and we realise that the real message isnt about the shock of a soldier dying, its about the pure waste of a life and two futures that the war has caused. Hardy builds up a foreboding atmosphere right from the start with classic almost film-like imagery of a thick London fog and dark, dismal streets. The Tawney vapour conveys a gloomy mood and even the glimmer of the street lamps is cold. Its as if the wife is breathing the same smoke and fumes of the battlefield as her husband. Then the tension builds dramatically with the messengers knock at the door the sound that everyone in wartime would have dreaded and even though the telegram is short and sharp, the shock is so great Of meaning it dazes to understand (8). The imagery at the start of the second half of the poem gets even uglier as death is described in detail: His hand, whom the worm now knows. (15) I think both poems are equally successful in their different way at getting across Hardys main message that war is a terrible waste of life, but I think Drummer Hodge is more important because it must have been worse for the men living and dying at the sharp end than for anybody they left behind. However, I dont like poetry as a medium because it is too condensed. Because it has to be a limited piece of work it has to become almost like a code that needs footnotes and explanations to understand it. Obviously there hasnt always been a visual way like newsreels of getting things across, and in lots of other ways poetry is useful, but for a huge and complex subject like war, I think poetry isnt the best medium. 987 Words. G. C. S. E English Coursework Courtney Bishop.

The New Combination

The movie, The Obama Deception, and the readings from Dyer-Witheford’s the New Combination have become a popular narration of the reality of who the new president of the USA, Barrack Obama, really is.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The New Combination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They have been used by their authors to represent the facts they have collected about the life of the then newly elected president and all the evidence they had about any reasons that may have motivated citizens of his country into voting for him and allowing him to become the leader of the number one super power in the world. These authors also try to give evidence related to the fact that president Obama was actually on the way to breaking his promises to his country and to the whole world (Dyer-Witheford 1). There is a lot of evidence that relates to the fact that the president is not in power as an individual, talented ru ler but rather as a representative of several powerful individuals, organizations and groups. Of more concern is the fact that all these powerful set-ups are behind the power and fame that Obama gained and that led to his election as the president. In fact, there seems to have been little real effects of the public to the election of then president than there was in the forces behind him. One main group that was viewed as being key to the election of Obama as the president of his country was the group popularly known a ‘the elites’, which was a combination of different groups and individuals who held both power and financial control in the country. The group consisted of the council on foreign relations (CFR) and the Tri-Lateral Commission among other groups. There was a relationship between the main leadership of the country and the group, the elites. This was the same case that led to the election of the president since the group had already shown interest in Obama as their candidate and representative in the government. The group was immensely involved in financing of the main campaigns for the president as well as offering a lot of advice and support for the president. When Obama became the president of USA, therefore, there was a lot that he could do in line with the requirements of the organizations that were behind his success and consecutively the president was already submitting to a higher authority at his duties and overall as a president. Obama could not be able to fully become independent and self-sufficient in a manner that he could be able to carry out his normal duties at his expense and also make decisions on his own.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other side, though Obama had a strong and admirable personality, he had to bow to a higher authority that dictated much of his principles, goals, objectives and strategie s. For example, there was a need for Obama to make very many promises during his campaigns. This was a strategy that helped him to capture the attention of all the citizens so they could vote for him. However, the implementations of all the strategic plans as he had promised were hampered by the organizations that were above him. He had to be directed on the course that he could take as a representative of those groups and hence performed duties as one under some force or power (Dyer-Witheford 17). One of the main reasons that led to the failed delivery of the promises Obama made to the citizens was the main mission of the elites group that required him to aid them in achieving their mission which was summarized into a global agenda. The agenda involved strategizing for new and more effective ways of delivering globalization to the citizens of the country and all the other countries hence leading to a point where all the involved countries could be placed under one ruler and a simil ar order. There is hence a lot of evidence that supports the fact that Obama is not just a world figure and a leader but rather a representative of greater and more powerful forces behind him. Work Cited Dyer-Witheford, Nick. The New Combinations: Revolt of the Global Value-Subjects. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 1951. Print. This essay on The New Combination was written and submitted by user Christina U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on In The Park

In the Park Isn’t it funny how life turns out? I had dreams once. Fantasies of youth I suppose. You know success, love, career, happiness, etcetera, etcetera. I was so sure of how things were going to turn out. I was going to finish school, get a degree, and marry a wonderful man who would give me two beautiful children. And I would be happy, so very happy. I had such faith in my dreams; they were as real to me as the sun rising in the morning and the turning of the tides. But now all the idealistic fantasies of my youth are gone and reality has reared its ugly head. I am twenty- eight years old, a single mother with three children. I work two jobs to maintain my little family, and yet I am still struggling to make ends meet. At high school I had been a good student. Never straight A’s mind you, but I was doing well. I was going to be a lawyer, really make something of myself. I was going to travel before university, and settle down with my wonderful boyfriend. Then one moments stupidity and my entire world unalterably changed. I fell pregnant. I felt so ashamed, I didn’t tell a soul. I dropped out of school halfway through my senior year and broke it off with my boyfriend. And there went my dreams. After that things went from bad to worse. I went from one dead end job to another and had a string of broken and meaningless relationships that resulted in my child gaining two younger siblings. So here I am sitting in the park. Two children are tugging on my out of date clothing, crying for things I do not have the means to provide, while the other sits playing in the dirt, wishing he had the toys other kids take for granted. And all I can wonder is what happened to my life. How did I lose control? Maybe the ability to control what we become as people is out of our hands, that outside influences shape the person we become. And as I sit here pondering destiny and other absurdities, I watch happy people stroll by, i... Free Essays on In The Park Free Essays on In The Park In the Park Isn’t it funny how life turns out? I had dreams once. Fantasies of youth I suppose. You know success, love, career, happiness, etcetera, etcetera. I was so sure of how things were going to turn out. I was going to finish school, get a degree, and marry a wonderful man who would give me two beautiful children. And I would be happy, so very happy. I had such faith in my dreams; they were as real to me as the sun rising in the morning and the turning of the tides. But now all the idealistic fantasies of my youth are gone and reality has reared its ugly head. I am twenty- eight years old, a single mother with three children. I work two jobs to maintain my little family, and yet I am still struggling to make ends meet. At high school I had been a good student. Never straight A’s mind you, but I was doing well. I was going to be a lawyer, really make something of myself. I was going to travel before university, and settle down with my wonderful boyfriend. Then one moments stupidity and my entire world unalterably changed. I fell pregnant. I felt so ashamed, I didn’t tell a soul. I dropped out of school halfway through my senior year and broke it off with my boyfriend. And there went my dreams. After that things went from bad to worse. I went from one dead end job to another and had a string of broken and meaningless relationships that resulted in my child gaining two younger siblings. So here I am sitting in the park. Two children are tugging on my out of date clothing, crying for things I do not have the means to provide, while the other sits playing in the dirt, wishing he had the toys other kids take for granted. And all I can wonder is what happened to my life. How did I lose control? Maybe the ability to control what we become as people is out of our hands, that outside influences shape the person we become. And as I sit here pondering destiny and other absurdities, I watch happy people stroll by, i...

Swimming class at school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Swimming class at school - Essay Example The students who were waiting waited much longer for the next activity to start than they do during transition periods. This is because the class is not running for only one student. Also, they all will learn how to be patient until everyone finishes each exercise. And the teachers need to provide equity in making every student involved in learning the methods of freestyle and diving in the class.The teachers administrated the management of the class, which was a very small portion of the total time. They were not trying to rush them while teaching freestyle and diving in right manner because all the students have their own pace of learning how to swim. The only problems they control are the ones that are a threat to their safety in the water. The students are pretty young, so they don’t need to be taught how to swim like skilled and professional swimmers. It is just when the teachers feel that the students are getting in trouble such as signs of overactivity, accident, injury or drowning in the water, then they will call for the student’s attention to tell them to behave or to stop doing their activity to deal with their issues.The longest portion among the categories is practice, which was given to the students by the teachers. They organized, prepared, and distributed freestyle and diving techniques, as well as drills such as individual or group practice and self-initiated skill practice or they, give a test to them. Finally, the teachers asked their students to do a 7-minute warm up at the beginning of the class.

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Essay - 13

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the evaluation of strategic management frameworks and the identification of guidelines to highlight the degree of a firm’s strategic competitiveness have emerged as critical factors in assessing the future of the business with regards to the development of its corporate objectives and functioning in the long run. In a highly competitive business environment which is characterized by the growing influence of technology and a rise in globalization, value creation is a major consideration for firms which aim to transcend the influence of competitive forces. Considering this factor, the concept of strategic competitiveness can be applied to explore the issue as it focuses on the implementation of strategies for aiding the creation of value. The implications of strategic decision making are far-reaching such that the senior management must be able to demonstrate skills in prioritizing strategy and accordingly applying it to a given s cenario. By applying the example of Wal-Mart Stores, which is one of the leading retailers and public companies across the globe, this discussion focuses on understanding the impact of strategic guidelines on a business of such scale. The influence of globalization as identified within the context of a large-scale firm such as Wal-Mart is essentially linked with the understanding of how the application of the concept impacts the decision that a firm takes. Accordingly, the exploration of this concept involves examining the decision making and objectives of the company. As highlighted in the research conducted by Lavallee and Boyer, the influence and power of globalization with respect to Wal-Mart possesses the ability to shape external forces and define their impact on subsequent decisions.

The core challenges of capitalist globalisation are ethical rather Essay

The core challenges of capitalist globalisation are ethical rather than economic Discuss - Essay Example Although, globalization particularly capitalist globalization is mainly viewed as an economic based process, it can make maximal social impacts in various forms. Whether through business organizations’ functioning and through other economic based decisions, globalization can make many business and social impacts, and this is where ethical challenges will arise. With globalization mainly carried out to fulfil economic potential, ethical aspects could be given second preference. That is, when economic opportunities are ‘vehemently’ tapped through globalization, without focusing on other aspects particularly social aspects and business ethics, ethical challenges could be a major issue. Needless to say there are both die-hard critics as well as ardent supporters of the trend of capitalist globalization, with ethical issues brought into more prominence. When the term, globalization is focused from an overall perspective, it can be used to define the practices and processes that are carried out by business organizations, governments, social groups and common people to interact and assimilate among themselves in different spheres of human life, from economical to cultural, social, etc., breaking the geographical boundaries or a particular country’s borders in various, etc.. â€Å"Globalization may be thought of as the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all aspects of contemporary social life, from the cultural to the criminal, the financial to the spiritually.† (Wiley, Nandi and Shahidullah, 1998). This definition of globalization was further reinforced by Joseph E Stiglitz, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics. He defined it as â€Å"the closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world ...brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communi cation, and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flows of goods, services, capital, knowledge, and people across borders." (2002,

Does the European Union Have a Democratic Deficit?

Does the European Union Have a Democratic Deficit? Critically discuss whether the European Union suffers from a Democratic deficit. In your answer refer to the past and present situations and to the possible future under the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. Introduction This paper evaluates the democratic credentials of the European Union, considering the popular criticism that the Union suffers from a so-called â€Å"democratic deficit† in its legislative processes. The past, present and possible future state of the Union is analysed so as to determine the truth behind this concern and to analyse the way in which the Union has evolved to mollify its critics in this respect. The proposed Constitutional Treaty is most unlikely to be adopted in its present draft in the short-medium term given its rejection by France and The Netherlands at national referenda in 2005.[1] However, this paper considers the ways in which the draft Constitutional Treaty proposes to address further the problem of the Union’s democratic deficit.. The Changing Face of Europe: One Common Concern In 1957 the Treaty of Rome[2] was signed with the aim of creating a deep economic relationship between six European states: France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxembourg.. The architects of the European Economic Community, including Schumann and Monnet, were fearful of the threat of a devastating third war on the European continent and keen to encourage European states to associate more closely together to reduce that risk. In those early days, that was the ostensible extent of political ambition.. The Treaty of Rome was not intended to have a constitutional perspective or scope and did not concern itself with issues appropriate to that form of measure.. However, the Single European Act[3] brought into effect a conscious and determined scheme to bring the member states of the EEC closer together. The range of policies under the auspices of the EEC began to grow significantly and the European Commission, led by the famous Jacques Delors[4] became extremely proactive in the law making process.[5] Criticisms of the way in which EEC law was made had been laid against the Community by Euro-sceptic politicians, academic commentators, journalists and the public at large for years prior to the mid 1980s, but it was at around the time of the passing of the Single European Act that those criticisms and concerns really gained force. The EEC institutions were criticised as operating under what was called a democratic deficit. This is shorthand for the allegation that the EEC institutional and legislative systems were allowing unelected, faceless bureaucrats to create law that would have binding effect across the Community, rather than preserving that task for national representatives elected by direct universal suffrage. The common public and media perception that the EEC was not an effective democratic entity became quickly entrenched as the Commission began producing more and more law for application in the member states. It is submitted that the matter would not perhaps have attracted such concern if EC law took second place to national law but in fact criticisms of the democratic deficit were sharpened and polarised by the principle of the sovereignty of EC law, which dictated that law issuing from this body of dubious democratic credentials took precedence over the highest forms of national law created by ancient democracies: see Costa v ENEL[6] In terms of a personal critical appraisal it is asserted that there is little doubt the â€Å"democratic deficit† criticism was originally well made and well founded.. The European Assembly was no more than a talking shop, with very few powers, until the passing of the Single European Act and the bureaucratic Commission was without question the legislative engine of the EEC. Perhaps the best evidence of the extent of the democratic deficit is to be found in observation of the considerable efforts of the Community to address the issue in more recent times. For example, the Single European Act itself, in a subtle move, renamed the Assembly the European Parliament, presumably to give the institution a more democratically-positive and authoritative (sounding) title. The new Parliament was also allowed some marginal new powers in the law making process of the Community. This gesture did nothing to silence those critical of the EEC lack of democracy. Commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty, the Treaty on European Union[7], was signed in 1992 and the EEC became the EC, which in turn became one part of the European Union. Alongside other massive changes, again the law making powers of the European Parliament were strengthened and developed, this time quite substantially so, in an attempt to re-balance the legislative processes of the Union. It was hoped that this would further mollify those critical of the Union’s democratic deficit. It is submitted that the fully elected Parliament now had a real and effective part to play in the EU law making regime, but criticism of a democratic deficit still persisted given the huge influence and power that the unelected Commission still retained over the process. The Treaties of Amsterdam and Nice followed. These were largely aimed at reorganising the EU law and institutions so that the Union could operate more effectively and smoothly after its intended enlargements. This enlargement has now taken place and on 1 January 2007 the Union expanded to embrace 27 member states with the accession of Bulgaria and Romania.[8] It was hoped that a new EU Constitution could have been adopted prior to the recent enlargement phase in order to better equip the expanded Union for its future operation and growth. The Constitutional Treaty The first step towards the establishment of an EU constitution was the signing of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe in October 2004.[9] Inter alia, the draft Treaty provides that seats in the European Parliament will be distributed on a degressive proportional basis and that the Commission (which lacks any democratic authority) will be reduced in size from 2014, so as to make the number of Commissioners equivalent to two-thirds of the number of member states. Addressing the democratic deficit head on, the Constitutional Treaty’s default law making procedure would be one requiring the joint adoption of measures by the Council and the European Parliament.[10] The Treaty would have required the Council to convene in public when making law and required that national parliaments would receive information relating to new EU legislative proposals in sufficient time to allow them to instruct ministers as to how to cast their vote in Council. Furthermore, the Treaty would have given national parliaments the power to return proposals to the Commission for reconsideration if they believe the matter at issue lies outside the competence of the European Union and the Treaty proposed to give the principle of subsidiarity the important status of a fundamental legal principle of the Union. In addition, the Treaty would have established a so-called citizens’ right of initiative, which would require the Commission to consider proposals for legislation that gained the support of at least 1 million citizens of the EU. That said, it is debatable precisely what force and effect this might have had in practice, given that consideration may merely result in the Commission saying â€Å"No†, or rather â€Å"Non†. In combination these reforms would have gone some way to counter persistent criticisms that the EU labours under a democratic deficit.[11] However, it is submitted that Avbelj overstates its potential effect when he somewhat tenuously suggests: ‘The EUs formal democratic deficit is not as a big problem as it is portrayed, and the new Constitution in its present form can remedy most, if not all of it.’[12] In rebuttal, Irish Party Sinn Fein has observed: ‘The Constitution does not effectively redress the democratic deficit issues identified in the Laeken Declaration. Instead it shifts the balance of power and control yet further from the sovereign national parliaments and towards the EU.’[13] In particular, it is stressed that the European Commission would remain the sole initiator of legislative proposals under the draft Treaty. Other bodies, including the European Parliament, the Council and lobbying blocks of millions of citizens can merely ask the Commission to consider drafting a proposal.[14] Concluding Comments In conclusion it is submitted that the European Union does and always has suffered from a democratic deficit. This stems from the very foundations of the European Economic Community, when the European Commission was given largely unrestricted bureaucratic powers to administer what began in effect as little more than an economic club. The essential problem has been that the EEC quickly outgrew its initial parameters and objectives, soon becoming the European Community (dispensing with the word â€Å"Economic† because now its horizons were much broader)[15] within a greater EU, but the Commission has stayed, incongruously it is submitted, at the very heart of the law making process throughout this period of rapid growth and evolution. In simple words, the EEC began with a massive democratic deficit but it did not become controversial until it began to develop its powers. Since the mid 1980s the democratic deficit has gradually been whittled away, largely through successive Treaty amendments which have slowly given more power and influence to the elected European Parliament.. It is true that the draft Constitutional Treaty would have continued this process, introducing further reforms to address the democratic deficit. However, the Commission, which lacks democratic credentials, will still cling tightly to the law making process even if the implementation of the Treaty proposals ultimately takes place.. In order to banish the spectre of the democratic deficit completely from the European Union and its processes it will be necessary drastically to re-assess the role of the European Commission. The Commission will need to be reduced in status to that of an ordinary national civil service, and the European Parliament must assume full responsibility for law-making, before the EU can hope to assert full democratic authority. This will be a bitter pill for the Commission to swallow: it has always jealously and vociferously guarded its role and power. However, if the EU is to mature into a deeper union this policy must at some point be implemented. BIBLIOGRAPHY Consolidated version of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2006/ce321/ce32120061229en000103 31.pdf. Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (2004): http://europa.eu.int/constitution/index_en.htm Avbelj M., Can the New European Constitution Remedy the EU Democratic Deficit? (2005): http://www.eumap.org/journal/features/2005/demodef/avbelj. The European Union: Balancing Democratic Deficit? (2005/03/10): http://www.eumap.org/journal/features/2005/demodef. Foster, EC Legislation (2006-2007), (2006) Blackstone’s Statutes (London) Kent, Law of the European Union, (2001) Longman Report from the Presidency of the Convention to the President of the European Council (18.07.2003) see: http://european-convention.eu.int/bienvenue.asp?lang=EN Steiner and Woods, Textbook on EC Law, (2003) Blackstone Straw sees no point in EU vote, June 6 2005: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4612021.stm Cases as footnoted. 1 [1] Straw sees no point in EU vote, June 6 2005: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4612021.stm [2] Consolidated version of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community: http://eur-lex.europa..eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2006/ce321/ce32120061229en000103 31.pdf. [3] The SEA entered into force in July 1987. [4] President of the European Commission 1985 1995. [5] See for context Margaret Thatcher’s statement to the Hanover European Council, July 30 1988: Hansard HC [136/525-35]http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument..asp?docid=107281. [6] Case 6/64. [7] Foster, EC Legislation (2006-2007), (2006) Blackstone’s Statutes (London). [8] See: http://europa.eu/pol/enlarg/index_en..htm. [9] See for detail: http://europa.eu.int/constitution/index_en.htm. [10] Report from the Presidency of the Convention to the President of the European Council (18.07.2003) see: http://european-convention.eu.int/bienvenue..asp?lang=EN. [11] The European Union: Balancing Democratic Deficit? (2005/03/10): http://www.eumap.org/journal/features/2005/demodef. [12] Avbelj M., Can the New European Constitution Remedy the EU Democratic Deficit? (2005): http://www.eumap.org/journal/features/2005/demodef/avbelj. [13] Ireland and the EU Constitution: http://www.sinnfein.ie/pdf/EUConstitutionPamphlet.pdf, p10. [14] Can it really be argued that EU laws can be described as national governments acting at EU level when the European Commission has the sole right to propose those laws? [15] See: Kent, Law of the European Union, (2001) Longman, p.9.

Bremuda triangle :: essays research papers

What Mr Cherry is saying is: WI something generally held to be untrue > is actually true? This is not alternative history because the existence > or otherwise of the Bermuda Triangle did not follow from a chain of > historical acts by human beings. No. What I was saying is: "what if this thing, generally held untrue, is not only true, but intruded on a historical event, as described afterwards." > OK, David. What's the PoD? What is the decision point where history > could have gone one way or the other and some woman or man makes a > decision and... the Bermuda Triangle comes into being? The PoD is not the bermuda triangle, but its effect on Columbus' ships as they returned; I used the bermuda triangle only as the vehicle for the PoD. > : "Secret history" involves the revelation that something that we think > : we know about the past is untrue. It is not alternate history: it > : leaves history unchanged, Note, history DID change. Hence not secret history, even if it did invoke something less-than-scientifically sound. Secret History involves the revelation that something we think we know about the past is untrue... what I did was -not- that. > So how is history changed to bring the Bermuda Triangle into being? > Really the PoD might just as easily be 'WI terrifying ASBs sink the Nina > and Pinta?' Tacky. There are those out there who believes it does exist. I made the supposition that it existed for the purpose of the divergence. The only PoD is "what if the bermuda triangle effect managed to get Columbus on the way back from La Navidad." If you don't want to believe that the bermuda triangle is an actual occurrence, that doesn't make those who DO believe it any less likely to believe it. > If we are dealing with alternative history rather than fantasy; then

Sense and Sensuality in Indian Religious Literature

A particular poem, Nurse 1126†³ taken from Sanskrit Poetry From Fiduciary's â€Å"Treasury', emphasizes the lustful emotions and romantic experiences that accompany the south winds as well as the significance of a reticular sense object that holds an extremely valuable place in Indian religious culture – sandalwood. The strange inclusion of the sense of smell and the sense object of sandalwood in this poem, which deals nearly exclusively with the sense of touch, raises a variety of questions pertaining to the significance of this inclusion and the relationship between the senses of touch and smell as well as the senses in general.Meanwhile, upon examination of the Kamala sutra the sense of smell and the scents of objects comes into play in a context of Indian literature associated not with esthetics poetry but with a much more technical and instructive guidebook. In this case, the sense of smell is used to convey not simply emotion but allows the reader to make a wide ra nge of inferences about characters, the text, and the values of the time period.Ultimately, despite stemming from the same sense of smell, the usage of this sense can differ widely between different genres of texts and even within a single genre conveying a multitude of emotions, facts that, though seemingly follow a trend, are in fact unique to the text. The aforementioned poem from Sanskrit Poetry From Fiduciary's â€Å"Treasury' expresses romantic and mysterious undertones through metaphors and the establishment of a particular mood or Rasa. This entire poem uses a complex and extended metaphor that draws upon the movement and qualities of the south winds to represent a seemingly mysterious and well-traveled lover.The winds are personified as having associated with and wooed a variety of women from regions such as Andorra, Tamil, Ceylon, and Kraal. This metaphor capitalizes upon the ethereal, fast-moving, gentle, caressing, and aromatic nature of air and the south breeze and app lies it to the poem's apparent description of a ascribable lover. This poem furthermore utilizes two specific moods or Rasa, which are emotional flavors that one tastes or feels upon experiencing the words of the writer. The two Rasa used in the poem are peacefulness and romance.The poem establishes a peaceful mood both by using a repetitive sentence structure which has a seemingly calming effect on the reader as well as by using light and airy words such as â€Å"tousled†, â€Å"kissed†, and â€Å"perfumed† that give the poem a quaint and dainty feel. The poem also gives of a feeling of erotic excitement by the description of the erotic actions of the breeze and its apparent metaphor for a desired lover. The breeze has apparently touched the breasts, hairnets, mouths, and cheeks of women from a variety of regions in India indicating the attractiveness of this lover and the great deal of experience and ability he has with women.The two Rasa, peacefulness and rom antic excitement, appear to complement each other and bring about a unique experience within the reader. Rather than feeling solely lustfulness that would usually be felt in poems that utilize only erotic excitement, the element of peacefulness evokes feelings of love in contrast with lust. Because of the peaceful Rasa, the reader perceives the well-traveled lover not as a womanlier but as a gentleman who truly loves and brings happiness to the women he meets. Upon reading the poem, one inevitably comes to the question of â€Å"why is that last line included in this poem? At first glance, it certainly appears that the line â€Å"gently the south winds blow, perfumed with sandalwood† does not fit with the rest of the poem that emphasizes the breeze's touch upon the breasts, hair, and bodies of women. Furthermore, what exactly is the importance and significance of the particular sense abject sandalwood that its scent was noted in the poem? Ultimately the inclusion of the sense of smell and the specific sense object, sandalwood, in the poem gives additional depth to the two Rasa expressed within the poem. Smell is often used in Indian literature to express erotic desire and passionate lust.For example, the lingering and distinctive scent of a long-gone lover brings about both lustful and mournful emotion as one realizes that he or she has lost their love. Smelling that scent would undoubtedly bring about happy and painful memories of that lost love. The inclusion of sandalwood then similarly affects the peaceful Rasa evoked by the gentle and repetitive nature of this poem. Sandalwood is conventionally used in Indian literature as a valuable scent known for its cooling, relaxing, and calming properties as well as for its relationship to love.Conventional Sanskrit poetry and literature often indicates that sandalwood grows in Southern India and is carried by south breezes northward, bringing love as it travels toward its northern mistress. Thus the aroma of the south breeze plays a pivotal role in both characterizing the advertorial lost-lover and establishing the two central Rasa used within the poem. Though not the central sense used within the poem, that honor obviously goes to touch, by including the sense of smell in the last line of the poem, the writer adds a great deal of depth in the poem that could not have been created solely through a description of touch.One could not have touched the bodies of the women that the south breeze has touched but one could have smelled the scent of the sandalwood that accompanies the breeze and felt the emotions brought about by it. Ultimately he sense of smell drives the poem drives poem forward by promoting the mysterious, lustful, and peaceful mood of the poem and by applying emotions that are associated with the smell of a lover to the metaphorical lover described within the poem. The Kamala Sutra, however, is a type of text that contrasts starkly with the flowing, soothing aesthetics of I ndian poetry.Gone are the descriptions of soft scented winds slowly caressing the bodies of young, beautiful lovers; in their place are descriptions of scented oils belonging to â€Å"women of the harem†, the scent of lust ND erotic desire and act, the proper scent of desirable men and women, and the scent of man's â€Å"worn-out† clothing. In this text, good or desirable scents and the corresponding sense object may correspond to wealth and power as the harem girls are said to have been given gifts of scented oils from kings and men of wealthy descent in return for bodily pleasures and favors.These gifts are described as â€Å"leftovers of a deity' indicating the importance and value placed upon scents due to the powerful emotional attachment and memory stimulation that can be drawn from this sense. Looking at the nature of the text, one can glean other characteristics of this sense – the Kamala Sutra is a guide-like manual on navigating the world of eroticism , sex, and romance. The sense of smell is present on nearly every page during descriptions of the smell of various objects, sexual and nonsexual. Thus, smell is quite clearly related to erotic sexual desire, even in sacred books of instruction.When reading through the Kamala Sutra it is seemingly impossible to come across an account of a sexual encounter without some description of one's scent or the scent of scarred clothing, sexual tension, and erotic desire, and one's breathing; sex and smell practically go hand in hand in this text. Ultimately this text reflects the Indian culture's view on the sense of smell – it has the gentle caress to stir love and romance, it has the sudden spark to kindle hot, erotic, sexual desire, and it has the power to create perceptions of grandeur, wealth, and power.While the two cited texts, poetry from Sanskrit Poetry From Fiduciary's â€Å"Treasury' and the instructive Kamala Sutra, may seem to use the sense of smell in a very similar mann er, their ascriptions and usage of the sense is in fact quite unique. The referenced Indian poem uses the sweet and desirable scent of sandalwood to convey emotions of romance and desire in order to add depth and aestheticism to the poem.Meanwhile, the Kamala Sutra uses the sense not to draw out emotion in the reader, as the text is more of sacred and instructive manual, but to give the reader the ability to infer characteristics of the their own lives or the lives of others, whether it be romance, erotic desire, or wealth and power. The difference lies in the desired outcome in the deader after using the sense of smell as a tool to convey information or emotion. The ability of this sense to convey a multitude of outcomes in readers represents the multifaceted nature of smell.Unlike other senses which are relatively concrete – the sense of touch is constant based on the object one is touching, the sense of sight is constant based on the object one is viewing – the sens e of smell is much more fluid and up to the interpretation of the subject. Because of this unique characteristic of the sense of smell, it allowed writers of Indian literature the ability to use the sense f smell to relate multiple emotions and inferences to the reader, with each being unique to the reader and unique in and of itself.While in contemporary American culture and literature, the sense of smell takes a back seat to the more concrete and reliable senses such as sight and touch, this is not so in Indian culture. Smell is used in all texts – poetry, instructive manuals, sacred texts – liberally due to its unique ability to convey multiple emotions and facts. Based on the two referenced works, smell occupies a sacred place in Indian literature and could seemingly be considered he foundation of love, sexual desire, and wealth and power as seen in the role it plays in this culture's literature.

Medea can be forgiven for her rage but not her calculation

Medea’s rage is a result of Jason’s betrayal, and with both desire and passion, it prompts her calculation- causing her to commit unimaginable crimes. Her rage is forgivable, yet her actions that follow are contemptible. Jason’s betrayal is recurring throughout the novel, and as it progresses, Medea’s fury worsens also. When Jason claims â€Å"he has acted like a true friend† to Medea and his children, Medea reacts angrily, knowing that he has acted in contrast. Jason’s obliviousness to his actions and lies insults Medea, forming her resentment to develop. Although Medea’s calculation doesn’t add up to Jason’s betrayal, he is still to blame for being the cause of such frenzy. Medea’s rage, passion, and desire for Jason are the origin of her actions. For Medea to â€Å"suffer the mockery of her enemies† was something she wouldn’t tolerate. Her vindictive mind allowed her to believe that she would rather do wrong, than be ridiculed by Jason, Glauce and Creon. By killing her children, Glauce and Creon, Medea knew she would â€Å"have her claws† in Jason’s heart as he deserved. These children live no more; I say this to wound your heart†. Medea commits these actions to hurt Jason and get revenge, yet was unaware of the extent of which they would affect her. The audience is unable to distinguish Medea’s rage from her calculation as they are all a source of the same cause. â€Å"My passion is master of my reason, passion that causes the greatest suffering in the world†. Medea knows that in order for her to pursue with murdering her children, she will have to suffer tremendously. Her manipulation and vigilant arrangements allows her to accomplish results which reflect on her fury and â€Å"special knowledge†. Although Jason is to blame for Medea's rage, the results are solely Medea's fault. We are able to sympathise with Medea; to some extent, for the distress she undergoes through killing her children. Although Medea cannot be forgiven for her actions, the audience is able to understand the reasons for the revengeful way Medea retorted. Neither Jason nor Medea can be forgiven for their actions, but condemned.

buy custom Sociology of Sexuality essay

buy custom Sociology of Sexuality essay In politics, if you want anything said, ask a man. If you want anything done, ask a woman (Thatcher, 1965). The saying contains the truth. Moreover, it emphasizes the fact that there is a prejudiced treatment of both genders towards one another in politics. However, such state of affairs is typical not only of the political sphere, but also of social, economic, cultural and other spheres of life. The problem is widely discussed by psychologists and sociologists all over the world.Initially, it is necessary to define the notion of sex. Generally, this word means the indicator of the obvious physical and biological characteristics that establish the differences between males and females (Nobelius, 2004). The differences may be biological, physical, psychological and genetic. For example, such dissimilarities may include higher timbre of females voice than males one, females ability to bear children, physical strength of men, and some others. There also exist sex differences in language usage. According to some stereotypes, it is considered that a woman can talk more than a man; a woman is also likely to use adjectives, such as divine, charming, cute.Women tend to use question intonation in response to inquiries: About ten o'clock?, as a reply to: What time's dinner?. Probably, this insecure style of conversation is typical for 'powerless' people, who are somewhat nervous and afraid of antagonizing others. Powerless people come from either sex. However, the most significant difference found between men and women by linguists is womens tendency to speak in a prestigious way. They try to use language close to the standard one.What can be said about the word gender is that it is used to denote socially established patterns and behaviors, as well as roles and attributes. They are realized through different means including family, educational institutions and work organizations. The gender roles and behaviors also depend on the individuals values, customs, religions an d beliefs (Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and the Advancement of Women, United Nations, 2011).Sometimes people relate term sex to the concept gender. However, it is not correct because though some similarities exist, they are not alike. Sex indicator distinguishes male from female, depending on biological characteristics, while gender from masculinity to femininity, indicates men and womens functions and roles in the society. Sex is something given to a person from the first day of his/her existence, whereas gender is not inbuilt, but learnt and acquired through a process of development and socialization.Gender identification starts in the childhood. Between the ages of two and three, children begin to acquire gender roles and stereotypes by the types of toys and games they want to play. Gender identification continues during adulthood and is established via two major theories: social learning theory and gender schema theory. Social learning theory uses the methods of punishment and modeling, while according to the gender schema theory, males and females cultivate mental categories from the childhood and perform their gender roles in the manner they were programmed.The concept sexuality means human capacity to have erotic perceptions, experiences and responses. In other words, the notion describes men and womens sexual desires. The concept of sexuality may vary according to biological, physical, emotional, or spiritual context (Science Encyclopedia, 2014).The concepts sex, gender and sexuality are embedded into the process of social construction of reality, as they indicate individuals roles in society and peoples relations with each other. In sociology, these social constructs are explained by the theory of social constructionism. The main point in understanding this theory lies in the fact that every individual interprets the reality in his own way. It means he/she has a subjective image of the objective reality in his/her mind. Sexual relat ions and romantic communication are based on this individual comprehension of the world. Therefore, every human is entitled to have any kind of intimate relationships with anyone, even with the person of the same sex.I have been complicit in perpetuating the reality of the social constructs of sex, gender and sexuality during all my life. They defined my position in society and my profession. For example, as I belong to male gender, I have always strived for success, for being strong and powerful. For this reason, I am sure I will be dominant in my family in future. The social construct of sexuality identified my communication with men and my intimate relations with them. Genetically, I am heterosexual and I always had sexual desires only about girls and women. However, several times I got up in the morning remembering the awful dreams about boys, which I was seeing during the night. Of course, I tried to resist those thoughts because everything happened unconsciously.Therefore, by the notion of sex I meant to define the obvious physical and biological differences between males and females. Gender is the indicator of the socially established patterns and behaviors, roles and attributes. Sexuality means human capacity to have erotic perceptions and experiences. The concepts sex, gender and sexuality are embedded into the process of social construction of reality. They identify peoples role in society and communication with each other, including sexual relationships. Buy custom Sociology of Sexuality essay

Resouce Management Unit 5004 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Resouce Management Unit 5004 - Essay Example Resource management is a key element to activity resource estimating and project human resource management. Both are essential components of a comprehensive project management plan to execute and monitor a project successfully. As is the case with the larger discipline of project management, there are resource management software tools available that automate and assist the process of resource allocation to projects and portfolio resource visibility including supply and demand of resources. This unit is about the generic principles, methods and techniques for planning, managing and analyzing the use of any and all resources available to the manager. This includes physical, financial and human resources, and the factors affecting their use - organizational, legal, ethical and environmental.The main purpose of this unit is to manage non- financial resource and manage financial resources.. Management is about getting thing done by other through the resources such as people equipment and materials. So these resources should be utilized to the maximum to achieve the objectives. Managers are responsible for planning, organizing leading and controlling the efforts of organization members and using all the organizational resources to achieve organizational objectives. So the need to achieve the goals from this optimum resource arose. The need for operations managers to reduce manufacturing costs, optimize productivity and improve product quality in order to stay in the market has become imperative. Operations management is the management of direct resources such as machine, material and manpower which are required to produce goods and services. It involves planning, operating, controlling, directing and coordinating all the activities of production systems, which convert resource inputs into services. The transformation process helps the operation manager an immediate sens e of the importance of having the right resources in place whenever required. In most of the private sector companies outputs are given more importance than inputs. 1.2 Explain the process of planning resource use to achieve the objectives Planning process The strength and weakness has to cover the organization's products or services, people, resources and should examine the structure of the organization and ability of the organization to cope with the change. Market segment analysis is the useful technique for looking at products or services as it focuses its attention on markets and their potential. Different factors are considered for each market segment. The market segment analysis covers market share, profitability, reliance on segment, geographic spread, size, skills, market emphasis, and style and future intentions. Planning processes is important in an organization for the following reasons Extension organizations have too few financial resources, given the nature and size of their missions and many of them doesn't know to use in an appropriate manner Managers and other staff members do not know how many resources are available for use in dealing with a particular problem or program activity. Many of them do not know the costs of carrying out various activities or whether a particular approach is a cost-effective way to deliver programming. Money may be committed almost totally to salaries, leaving little to cover operating and other costs. Financial allocation decisions are made by people who are not in a

Should same sex couples be allowed to adopt Essay

Should same sex couples be allowed to adopt - Essay Example At the same time many same sex married couples are nowadays trying to adopt children since it is impossible for them to conceive without the help from the opposite gender. Adoption is the only way for such couples to have a child. But adoption by same sex couples has raised many ethical and legal issues in the current world. Critics of same sex couple adoption argue that such adoption will deny the child the much needed care and love from either a father or a mother. On the other hand, supporters of such adoption believe that it is injustice to deny the adoption rights to same sex couples because of their natural inability to conceive. This paper briefly analyses the arguments of both the supporters and opponents of same sex couple adoption. Belge (2010) has argued that The United States has many older children and those with special needs children waiting to be adopted. It is difficult fro such children to find an artificial father or mother through adoption (Belge, 2010). Instead o f leaving such children in darkness it is better to allow same sex couples to adopt such children. If such children allow growing in pathetic conditions their physical and mental growth might not be proper. On the other hand, if the same sex couples allowed adopting such children, both the children and the adopted parents would benefit from that. Scientific studies have shown that children who grow up in one or two-parent gay or lesbian households fare just as well emotionally and socially as children whose parents are heterosexual (Belge, 2010).

Basis of Grammatical Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Basis of Grammatical Evidence - Essay Example From the two perspectives, there is a contrast basing on the issue of spying, which is a form of investigation patterns, which incurred and propelled by various participants in both texts. Text 1 adopted from the Arabs news Germany summons U.S. envoy over Merkel phone spy suspicion and Text 2 adopted from the New York news Anger Growing among Allies on U.S. Spying Table1: The clause structure types: Transitive Intransitive Active Passive Long Short Text: 1 1.8kol,5 8 18 1 5 Text: 2 14 9 16 3 8 From the table 1 it gives a clear indication that in both texts transitive clauses have been used more that intransitive clauses. In addition, there is an active voice more than passive voice. We define a transitive clause as one that involves the actor and the goal initiated. In consideration of intransitive, either it is termed as the absence of the actor or goal initiated from the clause availed in the texts. The author has used a total of 14 transitive clauses and 9 intransitive clauses to bring about the essence of tasks required. Table2: Process types analysis of text 1 and 2. Text 1 Text 2 Material 48% 65% Mental 19% 15.9% Verbal 29% 2.5% Relational 2% 20% Interpretation: text usually represents a grammatical norm and both processes and participants are present. Grammatical representations play a vital role since it is one of the best indicators in which texts think or the way of seeing operations present in texts. More so, process analysis is a provision of pictures, which depicts more information about the text, and the prevailed hidden messages termed as ideologies of the scholar. From the table above, we realize that material processes, as well as texts, usually occurs frequently as compared to other processes availed. Text 1 is from the Arabs news. It states out a high frequency of material processes, indicating 48 % of the physical workings involving suspicion summon that was initiated on the Chancellor Angela Merkel’s phone call line during his offici al duty in Berlin. Physical norm is evident here in consideration of the following activities that were availed during the process. â€Å"The American ambassador was summoned for talks with Foreign Minister Westerwelle this afternoon.† AFP quoted this from a foreign ministry spokesperson. Moreover, this text represents 29% of verbal processes, showing that the text is news text. Going by scholarly research, we find that the author behind this news wants to consolidate his texts with humor and a sense of real talk evident as per the availed text line from the article. This text line is â€Å"The position of the German government will be presented clearly. The move comes a day after Merkel named President Barack Obama on Wednesday demanding answers after learning that U.S. spies may have monitored her phone. A statement by the chancellor’s spokesperson, Steffen Seibert, says Merkel warned Obama warned this would constitute a â€Å"breach of trust† between the all ies.† Similarly, a mental process is evident in this article with an approximate percentile of 19%. This shows that the author believes and have a strong desire and feelings towards the issue of suspicion as far as the aspect of phone monetization is of concern. â€Å"Among close friends and partners, as the Federal Republic of Germany and the U.S. have been for decades, there should be no such monitoring of the communications of a head of government,† the statement said, according to AFP.†Ã‚     

How to be an effective communicator Essay Example for Free

How to be an effective communicator Essay Good communicators are not born they are created, and you cannot create one out of yourself overnight. You have to have constant practice and some rules to follow. Other than learning how to speak clearly and avoiding monotonous voice which will definitely play a big part to becoming the best in your chosen career, avoiding plagiarism is also an important thing to consider. What is plagiarism?   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Is using ideas and/or words from a different person, claiming as ones own without proper credit to the real source (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)†.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The inability to give credit and acknowledge ideas or phrases used in any paper, publication, or project submitted but gained from another person (http://english.la.psu.edu)†. What are the different types of plagiarism? 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Word-for-word Plagiarizing – â€Å"happen when you try to change opening part of the sentence, so that the readers won’t notice that the remaining of the entire paragraph is just a copy from the source (http://academics.hamilton.edu)†. 2. Plagiarizing by paraphrase – â€Å"the same concept from the source are being followed in a close manner simply by just substituting and changing some words with your own words and sentenced for those of the original text (http://academics.hamilton.edu)†. 3. The Source – The writer should have proper citation about the source, it should be clear and exact. 4. Mosaic Plagiarism – â€Å"this is more complicated type of plagiarism, because phrases and words are actually from the source or original text and you just add some of your words (http://academics.hamilton.edu)†. 5. Summary – â€Å"using quotation marks during an oral presentation and while writing a paper can help avoid plagiarism, but when overdone it will look like a patchwork and will resemble the original (Types of Plagiarism, http://la.psu.edu).   If it happened that almost the entire thing that you want to say came from one source, directly quote or paraphrase it so it will look better. But either way, introduce your borrowed words or ideas by pointing out that those ideas are from the author and followed them with citation inside the parenthesis (Types of Plagiarism, http://la.psu.edu)†. How do we avoid them in oral presentation? Consider indicating direct quotation, by saying â€Å"quote† and follow it with â€Å"unquote† or â€Å"close quote†. Another approach is by saying: â€Å"In her 1998 owner’s guide, Airedale Terriers, trainer Dorothy Miner says the following about the origins of the Airedale Terrier†. If you are citing a saying from anonymous sources, you can say â€Å"It is always said that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In oral presentation usually the citation is trimmed down to just the author, Title of the publication date and title. With all these information regarding plagiarism and proper citation I’ am sure it will be a big help for you to start so to speak. But with constant practice and proper usage of voice, using proper intonation, correct stress on words, pronunciation and enunciation you can become one of the most effective communicator.

Essential Oils Biological Components

Essential Oils Biological Components Essential oils are complex mixtures of many components, about 20-60 can be present at different concentrations depending on the oil.According to Bakkali et al(2008) they are characterized by components of the highest concentrations, there are usually 2 or 3 main components in each oil compared to some components in trace amounts. Major components of the oils determine the biological activity of the oils however the components in smaller amounts produce an additive effect(Bakkali et al, 2007). Chemical analysis of lemongrass and cinnamon oil distinguished several compounds. Terpenes are able to form structurally and functionally different classes. They are made from combinations of several 5 carbon units called isoprenes (Pichersky and Gershenzon). According to Bakkali et al (2007) terpenes constitute 90% of essential oils. Tyagi and Malik (2010) found that phenols and aldehydes exhibited the highest vapour activity followed by alcohols, ketones and esters and lastly hydrocarbons. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC MS) analysis found cinnamon oil contains high amounts of trans cinnamldehyde at 86.9% and eugenol at 6.2% as major components. Eugenol has been found to have antifungal activity (Cheng et al, 2008) as has Cinnamyl acetate, 4-terpineol, 1,8 cineole. The additive effects of the main components have been reported in one study, a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol inhibited growth of staphylococcus species whereas when they were applied individually they did not inhibit growth (Marei et al, 2007). Lemongrass exhibited a high concentration of citral, this has two isomers, geranial (trans citral) which presented at 51.3% and neral (cis citral) at 37.4% as major components of this oil. Usually one isomer does not occur without the other. In addition to the essential oil consists of small quantities of geraniol(alcohol) which often co exists with geranial and neral (Chen and Vilojen, 2010).,This study found strong activity of geraniol against Candida albicans (Chen and Vilojen, 2010). Geranyl acetate (Hanaa et al,2012)and limonene (Gehan et al 2012) have also been found to have antifungal properties. Similar concentration found in this analysis have been previously reported by Inouye et al (2003) A study also found lemongrass oil to show higher anticandidal activity against strains of superficial mycoses than citral suggesting additive effects of minor components (Kumar et al 2012) 4.2 Vapour phase Using the vapour phase has been a fairly recent advancement, Tyagi and Malik (2010) found that essential oils in the liquid medium form micelles and supress the attachment of the essential oils to the organism, however the vapour state allows for free attachment although studies have been carried out there is no standard assay to evaluate inhibition by vapour phase contact (Avila-Sosa et al,2012).A further study also stated that in liquid medium the diffusability and solubility of the essential oil whilst in vapour depends on the volatility of each compound and in a vapour form can facilitate the solubilisation of lipophilic monoterpenes better by inflicting higher cell damage on the cell membrane(Taweechaisupapong et al, 2012) Rana (2012) found with Candida dublienesis ,where the essential oil is placed directly under the fungi the growth is completely inhibited as the vapours are the most volatile here .So growth is fungicidal until a certain point, as the volatile vapours spread out the concentration of the vapours is not high enough to inhibit growth so a fungistatic effect is produced. Although this effect was not produced with Candida albicans it demonstrates how the vapours work. Therefore a dispersal method would be more effective as there would be an even distribution of the oil. If volatile compounds retained less effectively therefore allowing more molecules in the vapour phase with increased antifungal activity promotes fungicidal effect at lower concentrations(Lopez et al ,2005) thought to be due to better penetration and contact(Tyagi and Malik, 2010). 4.3 Bonding and compounds Essentail oils cannot be used on their own as they are classed as irritants according to health and safety (Look at COSHH form)therefore a method is required where the oil is not as concentrated and can be used in application such as sprays where it is easier to distribute. Essential oils are expensive therefore if mixed with a carrier oil which are usually cheaper and more readily available. The essential oils blended with carrier oils showed a significant difference in the results for example at 25Â µl(p

The Dawn Of Understanding: Three Years Later :: essays research papers

Throughout my life, the same scene in the television screen registered in different ways. The camera zooms in for the last shot of a lone hyena wheezing his way out of life. He may be dying of heat exhaustion or thirst or hunger, but his small eyes roll side to side slowly and then....just.....stop. Equally significant and striking is the close-up of the very violent death of a baby seal as a hyena simultaneously shakes him into submission and breaks his spine. The camera is always held steady; no one is shocked or upset yet the sense that something important has happened is always instilled in me. When I was younger I would cry during the sad moment in movies when someone died. The person or animal had a name and an identity which gave them a level of reality. My fascination for animals existed even then and I often followed with my eyes and imagination the lives of the documented animal. I turned away from the brashness of the lion tearing into the zebra because I turned away from all violence but I was too disgusted to feel any real compassion. Perhaps reality was harder to absorb than fiction. Perhaps these scenes weren't real to me because what I had seen of death in my own experience always involved sorrow and the cameramen felt none, the sun felt none and the narrator felt none. Later in my life I realized the zebra or coyote or prairie dog that was being forced to succumb to dehydration or starvation was real. I don't think that I had ever, consciously seen anything die before; watched the same close-up many times before but never really seen anything die. Insects perhaps; never a person, never a baby lemur, never a cat, never anything except within the confines of fiction. What my mind had seen as I sat there was the product of lighting and actors and a voice but unlike real fiction, this did not seem real. As I have lived in a city for most of my life and never truly experienced what wildlife was like, this was it; the cameras lent my alienated consciousness a sense of the reality experienced by the other inhabitants of this earth: the four legged (and sometimes two-legged) ones. I was being carried on the shoulders of Richard Nassau and Michael Drencher as they journeyed to the desserts of Africa and mountains of Peru.

If the gold standard was in use today, would it hinder economic growth Essay

The gold standard refers to a monetary system in which the unit of account of money will be fixed with the weight of gold. There are many people who argue that the gold standard should be implemented to bring down the inflation. By fixing the supply of money with gold, the government will not be able to issue money without having gold in reserve. However, on the other hand, there are experts who argue that by fixing the supply of money with gold, economic growth will be hindered as the amount of gold available on Earth is limited (Mises, 2009). This paper will show that the gold standard will hinder economic growth. I’ll firstly argue that there is a limited amount of gold in this world. Secondly, economic growth is seen as limited. Lastly, the amount of commerce will eventually reach a level equal to the gold holdings by the central bank of the country. Economic growth will be hindered if the gold standard is applied as there is a finite amount of gold in the world. Economic growth requires that there should be sufficient liquidity in the system. By adhering to the gold standard, economic growth will be hindered as to supply more money, the government will first need to buy gold. (Skousen, 1997) Secondly, economic growth is seen to be unlimited. This doesn’t complement with the gold standard, as the amount of gold is limited in the world. If economic growth is to be unlimited, then there must be enough money supply to finance it. The gold standard makes to difficult for governments to issue money, which in fact limits economic growth. (Cagan, 1982) Lastly, if the value of the dollar is limited by the amount of gold, then amount of commerce would reach a level equal to the gold holdings. In order for more money to be issued, the government would have to purchase more gold to back the increase in dollars issued. All the three points written above are influenced by the single factor that the supply is limited, while the demand for gold seems to be unlimited. (Cagan, 1982) Another problem with the gold standard is how to determine what weight of gold will equal to one unit of account. Furthermore, the gold standard can be suicidal for developing economies. Developing economies will need to buy gold to finance their economic growth, which might already be to expensive to buy for them. Currently, these economies are able to finance it through a budget deficit. Moreover, how will the gold standard be able to handle the speed and complexity of today’s financial transactions? Lastly, if the world shifts to a gold standard, then all the governments will need to burn huge amount of fiat money to make sure that the money supply equals to the amount of gold in the economy. Eichengreen & Marc, 1997) In conclusion, I believe that although by adhering to the gold standard the level of inflation will come down. However, the economic growth of a country will be hinder. The major reason for this is the limited supply of gold. Furthermore, if the gold standard is implemented the prices of gold will shoot up, making it more difficult for developing economies to grow up. Las tly, the government will need to burn huge amounts of fiat money to make sure that the there is no extra money in the economy.

What is the meaning of the Ninth Commandment to a college student?

The basic premise behind the ninth commandment is truth, whether it is truth in deed, truthful speech or honest thoughts.   If we take the meaning of the commandment further and interpret the words to mean that a person should not lie, then we can understand better how this commandment might impact our daily life, especially in today’s modern environment where deception, and white lies appear to be condoned by our western society. The ninth commandment requires for each individual to be honest in his or her dealings with others, but analysis of the term â€Å"lying† reveals that there is more to being truthful than accurate reporting.The Oxford Modern English Dictionary (1996) defines â€Å"truth† as being â€Å"the quality or state of being true or truthful† (p. 1114) and â€Å"truthful† as â€Å"habitually telling the truth† (p.1114).   By comparison the definition of the term â€Å"lying† in the same dictionary is listed as â₠¬Å"part of a lie†¦deceitful, false† (p.595) where â€Å"Lie† is described as â€Å"an intentionally false statement† (p. 573).   From these interpretations it is easy to reach the conclusion that the definition of both truth and lying is steeped more in the intention of the individual rather than individual acts or words spoken.Brevard Childs (1974) believed that the original idea behind the ninth commandment was a legal one, rather than an ethical one, in that he translated the original text to mean that a person should not tell lies in a court of law (Childs, 1974), however the more modern viewpoint on the meaning of the commandment appears to be related to individual accountability and a desire to live a life of truth (St. John in the Wilderness, 2001, [online]).There are many different ways a person can lie including withholding the truth, slandering another person or action, or telling white lies and despite ethical discussions to the contrary all of these actions are considered untruthful from a biblical perspective.   For example in Leviticus 19:11, we are told, â€Å"you shall not steal, you shall not deal falsely, and you will not lie to one another† (NRSV).   Later in the same chapter we are again told, â€Å"you shall not go around as a slanderer among your people†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Leviticus 19:16). These are just two of the copious number of biblical references that can be found that encourage each individual to be a truthful person, but how relevant is this truth in modern society?Terence Fretheim (1991) interpreted the ninth commandment to convey a foundation for community and social living.   He wrote, â€Å"unless there is an arena in which there is public confidence that social reality will be reliably described and reported† (Fretheim, p.848), the concept of community could not exist.  Ã‚   Blatnik (2004) corroborates that idea and goes on to say, â€Å"there is no community on the face of public lies† (p.3).   Blatnik (2004) also mentions verses in Ephesians that point towards the idea that â€Å"we are bound to each other in a way that a lie in one place, a lie at one level, a lie by one person, is like a ripple in a pond – the whole pond is ultimately affected† (p.3).Walter Brueggemann (1994) wrote in his book that the ninth commandment is â€Å"a recognition that community life is not possible unless there is an arena in which there is public confidence that social reality will be reliably described and reported† (p.26).   He believed that not only was truth an important part of a just and fair legal system, but that truth should be evident in all forms of public interaction.   For example the modern idea that skewing the truth in the advertisement of products in mass media forums is an accepted part of society, but essentially if public truth cannot reflect public reality then an important part of society is undermined and we as members of this society tend, over time, to distrust the messages we get from mass media sources.In his book Commandments of Compassion, Keenan (1999) suggest that as a society we need to â€Å"create a space where truth can be told† (p.4). He believes that truth should be evident in personal relationships, family relationships and public dealings we have with other members of our community.   Unfortunately this level of truth can only be created if all members of society were totally honest with each other and as it is not possible for us as human beings, to read the thoughts of another person, it is often difficult to tell if a person we are dealing with has the same commitment towards living a truthful life as we ourselves would like to have.John Timmerman (1997) also wrote about how to be truthful in all of our relationships, both personal and public. He emphasized the different ways we as individuals could achieve this level of truthfulness and suggested that if we were caref ul in the words we spoke so that we did not give another person the wrong impression, and combined this with attentive listening to another person, then these actions could increase our own individual ability to be truthful at all times.   Timmerman also noted that the idea of promises were almost a sacred act, in that as we believe in the promises from God, so we should ensure that we only make promises we can keep (Timmerman, 1997).According to John Ritenbaugh (1997) lying is rife in our communities.   His article mentions surveys that show that students lie to their parents about 50% of the time, that people in personal relationships lie about 30 percent of the time to their partner, while 12% of four million Americans in the job market had lost their jobs because they had misleading information on their resumes (Ritenbaugh, 1997).   He suggested that the reason lying was so prevalent in our society was because we tend to use other terms for lying, such as â€Å"exaggerati ng† or â€Å"inaccuracy† to describe the untruths.We seem as a society to accept that politicians are up to no good, that a salesman is probably â€Å"putting us on† and that big corporations must be doing something illegal because they make so much money.   The fact that these beliefs have permeated our social fabric to such a degree that these thoughts are commonplace shows just how little truth we expect from others in our daily lives.   This fact alone would suggest that because we do not expect others to tell us the truth, we might be less likely to be truthful ourselves.   It would seem that much of society is based on the idea that ‘everyone else is doing it† so therefore we can absolve ourselves of being accountable and honest in our own dealings with others.The Bible gives us countless examples of what it means to be truthful.   Deuteronomy 32:4 says â€Å"He is the rock, His work is perfect; for all His ways are justice, a God of tr uth and without injustice; righteous and upright is He† (NSRV). The teachings from Jesus also contain ideas on how to be truthful, especially in terms of the role model he became for other people.   Jesus was an example of a person who lived by his words on a daily basis, and it is through his example that we can see what changes we might need to put in place in our own lives, to be a better and more truthful person.A Christian student goes to a Christian college with the expectation that the people who share the campus with them are going to live by the same standards as themselves.   One of these expectation is that the other students, the tutors and even the administration staff of the college will all want to abide by the ten commandments and sometimes it can be bit of a shock to us to find that not only are there countless people in general society that fail to live by the commandments on a daily basis, but that some of the people in the college are also failing to li ve by the high standards set by Jesus Christ.However, it is my personal opinion that when it comes to attendance at a Christian educational institution that rather than condemn or alienate those students who might lie to us, or fail the commandments in some way or another, that we need to be forgiving and use the positive Christian influence of the college to help understand why some people find it difficult to be truthful in voice and deed and encourage these people back onto a Christian path in life.   We need to heed the words by Keenan (1999) mentioned earlier that we need to create the space where a person can feel comfortable enough to tell the truth.One of the main reasons people lie to others is based on their own fear of being judged by another person.   Most of us feel the need to make a good impression on others, so we feel we are not doing any harm by just omitting a few pertinent facts, or telling a few white lies to make ourselves appear better in a public light. A lthough the intention behind these actions may not be malicious, any form of untruth is a lie, and the only way we can be truthful people, and keep the ninth commandment is to be totally honest in all our dealings, both personal and professional.As students we are all well aware of how easy it is to be tempted to appear â€Å"better† in the way we behave, especially among our peers (Christian and non-Christian), but as Christians we are also aware of how important it is for us to live by higher standards than other non-Christian people might be prepared to live.   We need to remember that we are all sinners in some way or another, which is why I think that it is so important, when we do become aware that one of our Christian classmates is having problems being honest in their dealings, that we help rather than condemn him.   For example one of our classmates might be telling â€Å"white lies† to his parents because his grades are not as high as they should be.Even though we all learn the importance of being truthful in all of our thoughts, words and actions, it is not our place to ignore or shun that failing student – it is not our place to judge him.   Rather we should help him in spiritual ways by studying scriptures that are appropriate for the situation, and in practical ways by offering to help him study harder so that he is able to get a grade he can be proud of.   Blatnik (2004) told us that just one lie by one individual in a community can affect the whole community, but if we as Christian individuals hold fast to our own truths then through the power of prayer and understanding we can help our fellow students stay true to the teachings of Jesus Christ.The ninth commandment tells us we should not bear false witness against our neighbour – what it is asking us to do is to make truth the foundation for our lives here on earth.   Only when we are completely truthful in all of our dealings with other people around us c an we have an honest relationship with God, and that fact applies to all of us, not only as Christians, not only as college students, but also as members of the human race. ReferencesBlatnik, D.J., (2004).   The Ninth Commandment. Second Presbyterian Church Sermons, accessed online at http://www.2prelex.org/S040418.htm October 2, 2005Brueggemann, W., (1994).   The Book of Exodus, in The New Interpreter’s Bible, Vol. 1.   Nashville:   Abingdon PressChilds, B.S., (1974).   The book of Exodus: A critical, theological commentary.   Louisville: Westminster Press.Fretheim, T.E., (1991).   Exodus: Interpretation, a Bible commentary for teaching and preaching, Louisville: John Knox Press.Keenan, J.F., (1999).   Commandments of Compassion.   Franklin, WI: S.J. Sheed & WardOxford Modern Dictionary (Second Edition), (1996), New York: Oxford University Press.Ritenbaugh, J.W., (December 1997).   The Ninth Commandment, Forerunner, Personal. Charlotte, NC:   Church of the Great GodSt. John in the Wilderness [online] (2001).   The Ten Commandments: 9. You shall not answer against your neighbor as a false witness.   Accessed at http://www.stjohnadulted.org October 2 2005.Timmerman, J.H., (1997).   Do we still need the Ten Commandments? A fresh look at God’s Laws of Love.   Minneapolis: Augsburg